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Isabel I de Jerusalém

Isabel I de Jerusalém

Isabel I (Nablus, 1172 – Acre, 5 de abril de 1205) foi rainha de Jerusalém no período de 1190/1192?-1205. Ela era a filha de Amalrico de Jerusalém e de sua segunda esposa Maria Comnena, meia-irmã de Balduíno IV de Jerusalém e Sibila de Jerusalém, tia de Balduíno V, sobrinha-neta de um imperador bizantino, Manuel I Comneno, que havia recebido a cidade e o território de Nablus como um dom natural do seu marido, o rei. Ela casou quatro vezes.

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Conrad of Montferrat

Conrad of Montferrat

Conrad de Montferrat, né vers 1146 et mort assassiné le , est seigneur de Tyr de 1187 à 1192, marquis de Montferrat de 1190 à 1192 et roi de Jérusalem en 1192. Sa résistance face à Saladin à Tyr en 1187 permet le maintien de la présence chrétienne en Palestine, et la survie du royaume de Jérusalem pendant plus d'un siècle.

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Isabel I de Jerusalém

Isabel I de Jerusalém
 
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Humphrey IV of Toron

Humphrey IV of Toron

Humfred IV van Toron (ook wel Humpfrey, Homfried of Onfroy) (c.1166 - c.1192) was heer van Toron, Kerak en de Buiten-Jordaan, en behield dit als vazalschap van het koninkrijk Jeruzalem.

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Isabel I de Jerusalém

Isabel I de Jerusalém
 
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앙리 2세 드 샹파뉴 백작

앙리 2세 드 샹파뉴 백작

Henrik II av Champagne, född 29 juli 1166, död 10 september 1197, var regerande greve av Champagne.

Henrik deltog i tredje korståget och utmärkte sig utanför Akko. Han gifte sig med Isabella I av Jerusalem, tidigare gift med Konrad av Montferrat, och valdes 1192 till kung av Jerusalem. Någon verklig makt erhöll Henrik dock aldrig och han brukade inte heller kungatiteln.

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Isabel I de Jerusalém

Isabel I de Jerusalém
 
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Aimery II de Lusignan

Aimery II de Lusignan

Aimery of Lusignan (Latin: Aimericus, Greek: Αμωρί, Amorí; before 1155 – 1 April 1205), erroneously referred to as Amalric (French: Amaury) in earlier scholarship, was the first king of Cyprus from 1196 and the king of Jerusalem as the husband of Queen Isabella I from 1198 to his death. He was a capable ruler whose reign was a period of peace and stability in both kingdoms, and the progenitor of the Lusignan dynasty of the Kingdom of Cyprus.

Aimery was a younger son of Hugh VIII of Lusignan, a nobleman from Poitou. After participating in a rebellion against King Henry II of England in 1168, Aimery went to the Latin East and settled in the Kingdom of Jerusalem. Aimery's marriage to Eschiva of the influential Ibelin family strengthened his position in the kingdom. His younger brother Guy married Sibylla, the sister and heir presumptive of King Baldwin IV of Jerusalem. Baldwin made Aimery constable of Jerusalem around 1180. Guy and Sibylla became king and queen in 1186. Aimery was one of the commanders of the Christian army in the Battle of Hattin, which ended with a decisive defeat of Christians by the Muslim Ayyubids in 1187 and the subsequent near destruction of the kingdom.

Aimery supported King Guy when the latter besieged Acre and remained loyal to him after Queen Sibylla's death in 1190, when most barons insisted that the throne had passed to Sibylla's half-sister, Isabella I. Amid insurmountable unpopularity, Guy left for Cyprus in 1192 while Aimery remained in the kingdom as constable. Isabella married Count Henry II of Champagne, who arrested Aimery after discovering a plot to deliver the city of Tyre to Guy. Upon his release, Aimery joined Guy on Cyprus. When Guy died in 1194, the Cypriot nobles elected Aimery as their new lord. Aimery immediately sought to raise Cyprus to the status of a kingdom, with a government and institutions modelled after those of the Kingdom of Jerusalem. He acknowledged Holy Roman Emperor Henry VI as his suzerain, and Henry VI authorized Aimery's coronation as king of Cyprus in 1197.

Soon after they were both widowed, the barons of Jerusalem offered Aimery to marry Isabella and become king of Jerusalem too; he accepted and was crowned at her side. He kept the kingdoms of Cyprus and Jerusalem separate, but sent Cypriot troops to fight on the mainland, where he spent most of his reign. He sought to codify the laws of Jerusalem, resulting in the compilation of the Livre au roi. After surviving an assassination attempt in 1198, Aimery attempted to circumvent the law to banish Isabella's seneschal, Ralph of Saint Omer, whom he thought responsible. He signed two consecutive truces with al-Adil I, the Ayyubid sultan of Egypt, the latter of which secured the Christian possession of the coastline from Acre to Antioch. The personal union of the kingdoms of Cyprus and Jerusalem ended when Aimery died of food poisoning; Cyprus passed to his only surviving son, Hugh I, while Isabella retained the Kingdom of Jerusalem.

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