누가 Nicholas II of Russia와 결혼 했습니까?

Nicholas II (Nikolai Alexandrovich Romanov; 18 May [O.S. 6 May] 1868 – 17 July 1918) was the last reigning emperor of Russia, king of Congress Poland, and grand duke of Finland from 1 November 1894 until his abdication on 15 March 1917. He married Alix of Hesse (later Alexandra Feodorovna) and had five children: the OTMA sisters – Olga, born in 1895, Tatiana, born in 1897, Maria, born in 1899, and Anastasia, born in 1901 — and the tsesarevich Alexei Nikolaevich, who was born in 1904.

During his reign, Nicholas II gave support to the economic and political reforms promoted by his prime ministers, Sergei Witte and Pyotr Stolypin. He advocated modernisation based on foreign loans and had close ties with France, but resisted giving the new parliament (the Duma) major roles. Ultimately, progress was undermined by Nicholas' commitment to autocratic rule, strong aristocratic opposition and defeats sustained by the Russian military in the Russo-Japanese War and World War I. In March 1917, an uprising in Petrograd succeeded in seizing control of the city itself and the telegraph lines blocking loyal reinforcements' attempts to reach the capital. The revolutionaries also halted the Tsar's train, leaving Nicholas stranded and powerless, even though the army at the front remained loyal. With no authority remaining, he was forced to abdicate, thereby ending the Romanov dynasty's 304-year rule of Russia.

Nicholas signed the 1907 Anglo-Russian Convention, which was designed to counter Germany's attempts to gain influence in the Middle East; it ended the Great Game of confrontation between Russia and the British Empire. He aimed to strengthen the Franco-Russian Alliance and proposed the unsuccessful Hague Convention of 1899 to promote disarmament and peacefully solve international disputes. Domestically, he was criticised by liberals for his government's repression of political opponents and his perceived fault or inaction during the Khodynka Tragedy, anti-Jewish pogroms, Bloody Sunday and the violent suppression of the 1905 Russian Revolution. His popularity was further damaged by the Russo-Japanese War, which saw the Russian Baltic Fleet annihilated at the Battle of Tsushima, together with the loss of Russian influence over Manchuria and Korea and the Japanese annexation of the south of Sakhalin Island. Despite this, the 1913 Romanov Tercentenary anniversary proved to be a successful festivity where the majority of the common Russian people still displayed loyalty towards the monarchy.

During the July Crisis of 1914, Nicholas supported Serbia and approved the mobilisation of the Russian Army. In response, Germany declared war on Russia and its ally France, starting World War I. After several years of war, severe military losses led to a collapse of morale of the newly mobilized troops, increasing a likelihood of the latter joining an uprising; a general strike and a mutiny of the garrison in Petrograd sparked the February Revolution and the disintegration of the monarchy's authority. He abdicated himself and on behalf of his son, then he and his family were imprisoned by the Russian Provisional Government and exiled to Siberia. The Bolsheviks seized power in the October Revolution and the family was held in Yekaterinburg, where they were murdered on 17 July 1918.

In the years following his death, Nicholas was reviled by Soviet historians and state propaganda as a "callous tyrant" who "persecuted his own people while sending countless soldiers to their deaths in pointless conflicts". Despite being viewed more positively in recent years, the majority view among historians is that Nicholas was a well-intentioned yet poor ruler who proved incapable of handling the challenges facing his nation. In 1981, the Russian Orthodox Church Outside Russia based in New York City recognised Nicholas, his wife, and their children as martyrs. Their gravesite was discovered in 1979 but not acknowledged until 1989. After the fall of the Soviet Union, the remains of the imperial family were exhumed, identified, and re-interred with an elaborate state and church ceremony in St. Petersburg on 17 July 1998, the 80th anniversary of their deaths. They were canonised in 2000 by the Russian Orthodox Church as passion bearers.

Alejandra Fiódorovna de Rusia (en ruso: Александра Фёдоровна Романова; Darmstadt, 6 de junio de 1872-Ekaterimburgo, 17 de julio de 1918) fue consorte del último emperador Nicolás II de Rusia. Nacida como Alix de Hesse-Darmstadt, fue nieta de la reina Victoria del Reino Unido, y recibió el nombre y patrónimo de Alejandra Fiódorovna tras ser recibida en la Iglesia ortodoxa rusa.

Es recordada por ser la última emperatriz de Rusia, además de una de las portadoras reales de hemofilia más famosas. También se la conoce por su apoyo al control autocrático sobre el país y su amistad con el místico ruso Grigori Rasputín, que tan importante era en su vida.

Fue asesinada junto a su esposo, hijos y varios miembros del servicio el 17 de julio de 1918 por los bolcheviques. En 2000, la iglesia ortodoxa decidió canonizarla como Santa Alejandra Portadora de la Pasión, al igual que el resto de su familia.

La emperatriz Alejandra era tía abuela materna del príncipe Felipe, duque de Edimburgo, y prima hermana de Jorge V del Reino Unido, abuelo de la reina Isabel II del Reino Unido.